The Sixth Seal is the Seven Last Plagues and Christ’s Return.

This article is relatively complex because it requires understanding several parts of the Book of Revelation. The green blocks provide summaries of sections. To reduce complexity further, more detailed explanations are hidden in ‘read more’ blocks.

Overview

Revelation 5 describes what happens in heaven when Jesus arrives after His ascension (Read Article). He received a book that was sealed with seven seals. He breaks the seals in Revelation 6. Each time that He breaks a seal, things happen on Earth. This article discusses the sixth seal.

The first part of the seal consists of natural catastrophes. There was a great earthquake. The sun became black, and the moon became like blood. The stars of the sky fell to the earth, and the sky split apart. These natural catastrophes are the signs of Christ’s return, as Jesus described in Matthew 24.

In response, in the second part of the seal, the people who had refused to repent hide in the mountains from the presence of God and the Lamb. They ask the question that explains the sixth seal:

“The great day of their wrath has come, and who is able to stand?”

The sixth seal continues in Revelation 7 with an innumerable multitude standing before the throne and before the Lamb. They are the answer to the question of the hiding multitude. This is the Day of Judgment. The sixth seal divides the people of the world between two great multitudes: one hiding in the mountains and one standing before His throne.

Since the current article explains how the sixth seal fits into the end-time events, it gives an overview of such end-time events, as described in Revelation 13 to 20. These events can be divided into the following three phases:

The end-time War – Revelation 13 describes the end-time war in which people are forced to receive the Mark of the Beast. Revelation 14 shows the response of God’s people. They will refuse the Beast’s Mark and receive “the Seal of the Living God.”

Seven Last Plagues – As soon as every person is marked, either with the mark of the beast or the seal of God, the seven last plagues (Rev 15-16) are poured out. 

Christ’s Return – The seventh and final plague is Babylon’s destruction (16:19). It is interrupted by Revelation 17 and 18 but continues in Revelation 19 with a great multitude praising God for judging Babylon. Revelation 19 ends with Christ’s return. Therefore, the seven plagues are followed by Christ’s return. 

This article confirms in several ways that the Sixth Seal is Christ’s Return.

1) Despite the huge earthquake, the people hide in the mountains, more scared of Christ than of death.

2) Since people hide from God in the sixth seal, it must be later than the plagues where people refuse to repent. 

3) The sixth seal separates the Living from the Dead, which is what Jesus said He would do when He returns.

4) The Sixth Seal is similar to Matthew 24:29-30, describing Christ’s Return.

5) The sixth seal is similar to the Old Testament Day of the Lord, which becomes Christ’s return in the New Testament. 

6) This article shows that the Sixth Seal and the Sixth Plague are linked because both refer to “the great day” and that the Sixth Plague and Christ’s return in Revelation 19 are linked because both describe the kings and their armies assembled for war. This again links the Sixth Seal to Christ’s return.

However, this article argues that both the natural catastrophes in the first part of the sixth seal and the seven last plagues are the revenge promised to the souls in the fifth seal (Rev 6:10-11). Therefore, these natural catastrophes must be the Seven Last Plagues.

Lastly, the seventh seal is only a single verse. Since it is so brief, the context must explain it. Since the second part of the sixth seal describes a time when the people realize that they are doomed, the silence of the seventh seal is the destruction of God’s enemies.

Overview of the Sixth Seal

Part 1: Natural Catastrophes

The first part of the seal consists of a great earthquake and signs in the sun, moon, and stars

The sixth seal is the longest of all the seals. It has two parts. The first part is natural catastrophes (Rev 6:12-14). There was a great earthquake. The sun became black, and the moon became like blood. The stars of the sky fell to the earth, and the sky split apart. Every mountain and island was moved out of its place. [Show More]

These natural catastrophes are the signs of Christ’s return. 

Jesus gave the following sequence of events immediately preceding His return:

There will be a great tribulation as never before (Matt 24:21, 29). Then:
The sun will be darkened,
The moon will not give its light,
The stars will fall from the sky, and
The heavens will be shaken. (Matt 24:29)

Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky (Matt 24:30).

Part 2: People hiding from God

In response, in the second part of the seal, the people who had refused to repent hide in the mountains

The people who live in rebellion against God will attempt to hide in the caves and in the mountains “from the presence of Him who sits on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb” (Rev 6:16): [Show More]

“Him who sits on the throne” is the Father. The Lamb is Jesus Christ (e.g., Rev 5:13). 

The “wrath of the Lamb” (Rev 6:16) is paradoxical. The third angel later similarly warns that people who accept the mark of the beast “will be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence … of the Lamb” (Rev 14:10). Jesus will not become cruel. He will always love every creature (Rev 4:10-11). But He will execute God’s judgments. (See the discussion of Eternal Torment.) [Show More]

This is the Day of Judgment. 

The hiding multitude then asks the question that explains the sixth seal:

“The great day of their wrath has come,
and who is able to stand?” (Rev 6:15-17) 
[Show More]

Continues in Revelation 7.

The sealing of the 144,000 in the first part of Revelation 7 jumps back in time. 

Revelation 7 begins by describing the sealing of God’s end-time people (the 144000 – Rev 7:1-8). This must precede the worldwide turmoil of the sixth seal.

The innumerable multitude in the second part of Revelation 7 continues the sixth seal. 

The sixth seal continues in Rev 7:9 by answering the question in 6:17 by describing an innumerable multitude who are “able to stand.” They are “standing before the throne and before the Lamb” (Rev 7:9). In other words:

1) The multitude hiding in the mountains and the innumerable multitude standing before the throne describe the same point in time.

2) This confirms that this is the Day of Judgment, for the sixth seal divides the people of the world between two great multitudes: one hiding in the mountains and one standing before His throne. [Show More]

The sixth seal is not literal

Literally interpreted, everything in heaven and on earth disintegrates in the sixth seal. [Show More]

But we should not interpret it literally because, even after the stars have fallen on the earth and all mountains have been moved out of their places, the unrepentant are still alive and hiding in the mountains. These are symbols of great upheaval on earth, which may, of course, include natural catastrophes. 

Overview of End-Time Events

The purpose of the current article is to explain what the sixth seal is and how it fits into the end-time events. For that purpose, this section provides a very high-level overview of the end-time events as described in Revelation 13 to 20. [Show More]

Revelation 13 and 14 describe the end-time war in which people receive the Mark of the Beast. 

Revelation 13 describes the end-time persecution of God’s people. The false prophet will convince the world to make an Image of the Beast (Rev 13:14). In other words, an end-time replica will be created of the situation in the Middle Ages when the Church dominated the European nations. (Read Article). With threats of violence, the Image of the Beast attempts to force all people to receive the Mark of the Beast (Rev 13:15-17). [Show More]

Revelation 14 shows the response of God’s people (the 144,000 at this time). They will refuse the Mark of the Beast and receive “the Seal of the Living God” (Rev 7:2). [Show More]

Revelation 14 ends with Christ’s return (Rev 14:14-20).

As soon as every person is marked, the seven last plagues (Rev 15-16) are poured out. 

The Seven Last Plagues in Revelation 15-16 jump back to before Christ’s return, for they describe the people with the Mark of the Beast as still refusing to repent (Rev 16:2, 9, 11, 21). Since the plagues begin by describing “those who had been victorious over the beast and his image” (Rev 15:2), and since they only fall on “the people who had the mark of the beast” (Rev 16:2), the plagues begin to fall when all people have been marked either with the mark of the beast or the seal of God.

In the sixth plague, demon spirits gather the kings of the world together at Armageddon for “the war of the great day of God” (Rev 16:14, 16). The sixth plague is not Armageddon itself. It is only the preparation for it. This is explained further below.

The seven last plagues conclude with Christ’s return. 

The seventh and final plague is Babylon’s destruction (Rev 16:19). This plague is interrupted by Revelation 17 and 18, which jump back in time to explain the origin, nature, and the end of Babylon. [Show More]

The seventh plague continues in Revelation 19 with “a great multitude in heaven” praising God because “He has judged the great harlot” (Rev 19:1-2; cf. Rev 16:19).

Revelation 19 ends with Christ’s return (Rev 19:11-20:6). The seventh plague, therefore, is followed by or continues into Christ’s return. [Show More]

In summary, the end-time can be divided into three main phases. 

The analysis above shows that Revelation 13 to 19 represents the end-time events as consisting of three broad phases:

      1. The end-time persecution (Rev 13-14),
      2. The seven last plagues (Rev 15-16), and
      3. Christ’s return (19:11-20:6).

The Sixth Seal is Christ’s Return.

This conclusion is based on the following:

1) Despite the massive earthquake, the people hide in the mountains. 

When He broke the sixth seal, there was a huge earthquake, and all mountains were moved out of their places (Rev 6:12-14). However, apparently, Christ has already returned because the people of the world were more scared of Him than of this earthquake, for they attempted to hide from Him in the rocks and caves of the mountains

2) Since people hide from God, the sixth seal must be later than the plagues where people refuse to repent. 

Both the sixth seal and the sixth plague refer to “the great day.” However, while the sixth plague is the preparation for “the war of the great day” (Rev 16:14), in the sixth seal, that “great day … has (already) come” (Rev 6:17).

The sixth seal is also later than the seventh plague. In the seventh plague, the people still refuse to repent (Rev 16:21; cf. Rev 16:9, 11), but in the sixth seal, they hide in the mountains from “the wrath of the Lamb” (Rev 6:15-17). [Show More]

3) The sixth seal separates the Living from the Dead, which is what Jesus will do when He returns.

As discussed above, the sixth seal divides the people of the world between two great multitudes:

      • Those who had refused to repent hide from Him (Rev 6:17) and
      • The innumerable multitude stands before Him (Rev 7:9). 

This is what Jesus said He will do when He returns, “as the shepherd separates the sheep from the goats” (Matt 25:31-32).

4) The Sixth Seal is similar to Matthew 24:29-30, describing Christ’s Return.

Matthew 24:29-30 bears a striking resemblance to the two parts of the sixth seal. While verse 29 is parallel to the first part of the sixth seal, describing the signs in the sun, moon, stars, and heavens, verse 30 is parallel to the second part, describing the response of “all the tribes of the earth” as mourning. Verse 30 explicitly states that they will mourn when they “see the Son of man coming” (cf. Luke 21:25-28; Mark 13).

5) The sixth seal is similar to the OT Day of the Lord, which becomes Christ’s return in the NT.  

Many Old Testament prophets referred to “the Day of the Lord.” [Show More]

The many similarities identify the sixth seal as that Day of the Lord. For example, both include the darkening of the sun, moon, and stars, a huge earthquake, and people hiding “in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains.” [Show More]

An important similarity is that both the Day of the Lord and the Sixth Seal are the Day of Judgment:

As stated, the Sixth Seal divides the people of the world between a multitude hiding in the mountains and another standing before God’s throne.

Similarly, the Day of the Lord will punish sinners. God will exterminate sinners from this Earth. [Show More]

Since the sixth seal is the Day of the Lord, and since, in the New Testament, the Day of the Lord becomes Christ’s return, the Sixth Seal is Christ’s Return. [Show More]

6) The Sixth Seal is equivalent to 19:19, which describes Christ’s return. 

Revelation 19 describes Christ’s return, beginning in verse 11. In that description, John saw, “The kings of the earth and their armies assembled to make war against Him who sat on the horse” (Rev 19:19). This verse and the multitude hiding in the mountains in the sixth seal (Rev 6:15-17) describe the same event and the same people because:

Both describe all the people of the world as gathered. Revelation 19:18 describes them as “all men.”

Both are “the great day.” [Show More]

In summary, the sixth seal is Christ’s return, when He separates the Living from the Dead.

The section has argued for this conclusion by showing that the sixth seal:

      • Is later than the plagues,
      • Separates the Living from the Dead,
      • Is equivalent to Matthew 24:29-30, when they see the Son of man coming,
      • Is the Old Testament Day of the Lord, and
      • Is equivalent to 19:19, which describes Christ’s return.

The First Part is the Seven Plagues.

The natural catastrophes in the first part of the sixth seal are the Seven Last Plagues

So, the sixth seal describes a moment during Christ’s return when the people who refused to repent realize that there is no escape from a dreadful fate (Rev 19:17-19). However, as discussed, the sixth seal consists of two parts. For the following reasons, the first part (the great earthquake and the signs in the sun, moon, and stars) is the seven last plagues that precede Christ’s return:

1) Since the second part of the seal is the response of unrepentant humanity to the massive natural catastrophes in the first part, the two parts possibly describe different events.

2) Both the natural catastrophes and the seven last plagues are the revenge promised to the souls in the fifth seal (Rev 6:10-11). To explain:

We can assume that the natural catastrophes in the first part of the sixth seal (Rev 6:12-14) are that promised revenge because they follow immediately after the fifth seal, in which the souls who had been slain for their faith ask God, “How long … will You refrain from judging and avenging our blood?” They are told to wait “for a little while longer” (Rev 6:9-11).

However, according to Revelation 19:2, God will fulfill that promise of revenge through the judgment on Babylon, and that judgment is the seventh plague (Rev 16:19). [Show More]

Furthermore, the third plague is also part of that revenge. [Show More]

Therefore, all seven plagues are the revenge promised in the fifth seal. Therefore, since the natural catastrophes of the first part of the sixth seal are that revenge, that first part is equivalent to the seven last plagues.

3) Both the seventh plague and the natural catastrophes in the sixth seal begin with “a great earthquake” (Rev 6:12; 16:18) and conclude with the destruction of “every mountain and island” (Rev 6:12; 16:20).

Therefore, since the first part of the sixth seal is the seven last plagues, the second part is the return of Christ. A series of articles on the seven last plagues is available.

The Seventh Seal

Since the sixth seal shows the people realizing they are doomed, the seventh is their destruction. 

The seventh seal is very brief. It is only a single verse and says, “There was silence in heaven for about half an hour” (Rev 8:1). Since it is so brief, the context must explain it. Since the second part of the sixth seal describes a point in time during Christ’s return, when the people realize that they are doomed (Rev 19:17-19), another article interprets the silence of the seventh seal as the extreme sorrow in God’s heart and the hearts of His people when God’s enemies are put to death (Rev 19:20-21). (Read Article)

Other Articles

The Seven Seals

Other

  • I recommend Jon Paulien’s commentary on Revelation for further reading. For general theological discussions, I recommend Graham Maxwell, who you will find on the Pineknoll website.

The suffering of God’s people must validate God’s judgments.

Purpose

In the fifth seal, the souls of those who have been killed for their faith are under the altar, crying out to God for revenge. But they are given white robes and told to wait until their fellow brethren, who are to be killed as they were, are completed.

This seems to support the idea that people have immortal and conscious souls that continue to live after death. However, the previous article discussed this and concluded that the “souls underneath the altar” are not literal people under a literal altar. Rather, it uses an Old Testament sacrificial ritual to symbolize that God’s people have been sacrificed on a symbolic altar. Their cry to God symbolizes God’s awareness of the suffering of His people and His desire to restore justice. That article covered many of the concepts in the fifth seal and should be read before the current article (Read Article). 

The purpose of the current article is to determine what the fifth seal means. Does it describe a specific event in history? What are the white robes given to God’s people? Does the seal say we must wait for a specific number of people to be killed before Christ may return? 

Overview

Previous articles concluded that the four horsemen of the first four seals (Rev 6:1-8) describe the Church Age. The white horse of the first is the gospel going out. (Read Article) The three horses in the next three seals are the consequences of preaching the gospel, namely, persecution of God’s witnesses (second seal), causing famine for the Word of God (third seal), and resulting in spiritual death (fourth seal). (Read Article)

The first and sixth seals begin with the words “and I saw,” meaning that these are the beginning of two sections of the vision, which also means that the fifth seal belongs with the first four. However, since it does not have a horse and does not cause calamities, it is different from the previous four.

This is not only the injustice to the people of God who have been killed that calls out to God but all persecution of God’s people. This cry does not go out at a specific time but always.

In response to their cry, the “souls” are given white robes, symbolizing redemption (acceptance by God), and told to rest a little while longer until their fellow servants, who must be killed as they were, are completed. Translations often imply that a certain number of God’s people must be killed. However, it means that God’s people must overcome. This is explained by the wider context:

When He arrived in heaven after He had been resurrected, Jesus Christ received a book that was sealed with seven seals (Rev 5:7). (Read Article)

This is the Book of Life, identifying the people God has chosen for eternal life. The seals are Satan’s accusations against them. By accusing God’s elect, he effectively accuses God of unfair judgment. The book is sealed in the sense that nobody was able to refute Satan and show that God’s judgments (who will live and who will die) are always perfect. (Read Article) However, by overcoming, Jesus earned the right to break the seals and open the book (Rev 5:5).

Revelation 6, 7, and 8:1 describe what happens when Jesus breaks the seals. Breaking the seals means showing that Satan’s accusations are unfounded and that God’s judgments are perfect. Christ has not yet returned because Satan’s accusations have not yet been fully refuted and because God will not execute His judgments until they are understood. Particularly through the end-time crisis, Jesus will prove that God judges perfectly, namely, that God’s elect are worthy of election and no other person is. 

This is what the “souls underneath the altar” must wait for. 

Like the cry of the souls goes out all the time, the command to wait a little longer also goes out all the time. In Revelation, people receive white robes while alive (Rev 3:4; 7:14). Therefore, this is also not a specific event. In conclusion, the fifth seal is a general principle, which is also the central theme of the vision of the sealed book, namely that the suffering of God’s people is necessary to validate God’s judgments. (Read Article)

6:9

When the Lamb broke the fifth seal, I saw underneath the altar the souls of those who had been slain because of the word of God, and because of the testimony which they had maintained;

This is the altar of burnt offerings.

This is the fifth of the seven seals of the book Christ received in Revelation 5:1, 7. The “Lamb” is Jesus Christ (Rev 5:6). 

There were two altars in the ancient Jewish temple. The altar of incense was inside the temple but the very large altar of burnt offerings was outside the temple in the center of the courtyard. Smoke from this altar would rise over the city. Since the “souls” are symbolically underneath the altar, the altar here is the altar of burnt offerings (See previous article).

6:10

and they cried out with a loud voice, saying, “How long, O Lord, holy and true, will You refrain from judging and avenging our blood on those who dwell on the earth?”

 

The cry to God is not from literal people. The cruelty of God’s enemies calls out for justice.

This is another indication that these are not literal people under a literal altar. God’s people do not seek revenge (Acts 7:60; Luke 23:34). God said that the blood of Abel cried out to Him from the ground (Gen 4:10). It was not Abel who cried out but the injustice done to Abel. In the same way, it is the injustice to God’s people that cry out to Him to set things right. (See previous article

God’s people have always been crying, How long?”

“How long” is a cry of protest over persecution. People suffer, but God does not seem to be doing anything. All believers of all ages ask this question. [Show More]

Revelation uses the title “lord” for God and Jesus and the 24 elders. It means ‘master.’

It is not clear whether “Lord” here addresses God or Christ. Revelation clearly distinguishes between God and Jesus but refers to both as “Lord.” [Show More]

Since, in our verse, the souls call for revenge, and since God is later praised for revenging the blood of His people Rev 19:1), the “souls” under the altar probably address God.

John also addressed one of the elders as “lord” (Rev 7:14). In the Greek, it is the same word (kurios). Whether the first letter is capitalized depends on who it refers to.

The phrase “holy and true” may refer to God or Jesus.

“Holy and true” recalls how Jesus introduced Himself to the church in Philadelphia (Rev 3:7). Furthermore, the word for “holy” in Revelation 6:10 is hagios, which means ‘set apart’ by God, and is a more appropriate choice for Christ than for God.

On the other hand, Revelation says of the “Lord God, the Almighty … You alone are holy” (Rev 15:3-4; cf. Rev 16:5), and the title “Almighty” refers exclusively to the Father (e.g., Rev 21:22). As the One who exists without a cause, the Almighty is truly different from all else.

The word for true means the perfect realization of an idea. For example, Moses gave the Israelites bread, but Jesus is the true bread (John 6:31-32). Israel was the vine of God’s planting (Psa 80:8; Isa 5:1-7), but Christ is the true vine (John 15:1). The Bible refers to Jesus as theos (God or god) several times (Read Article), but the Father is “the only true God” (John 17:3).

The cry of the souls will be answered with God’s judgment on Babylon.

Revelation 19:1-2 uses the same words “judge” and “avenge” when “a great multitude in heaven” says:

“He has judged the great harlot … He has
avenged the blood of his bond-servants on her.”

This great multitude, therefore, praises God for answering the cry in the fifth seal. Revelation 19 is a continuation of the seventh plague, which was God’s judgment on Babylon (Rev 16:19), who killed all of God’s people (Rev 18:24). Therefore, God’s judgment of Babylon is the answer to the cry of the souls under the altar. [Show More]

The phrase “those who dwell on the earth” always refers to God’s enemies on Earth.

The Book of Revelation uses this phrase consistently for those who oppose God and His people (Rev 1:10; 8:13; 11:10; 13:8, 14; 17:2). In contrast, God’s people are represented as “those who live in heaven” (Rev 13:6; cf. 14:3; 15:2). [Show More]

6:11

And there was given to each of them a white robe; and they were told that they should rest for a little while longer, until the number of their fellow servants and their brethren who were to be killed even as they had been, would be completed also.
A white robe symbolizes redemption.

The robe (Gr. stolê) is a long, flowing robe (Luke 15:22; 20:46) that is also worn by angels (Mark 16:5) and by Jesus (Rev 1:13). 

Revelation always associates the color white with God and His people. (See first seal.) White robes are a sign of acceptance by God. For example, “He who overcomes will thus be clothed in white garments; and I will not erase his name from the book of life” (Rev 3:4-5). [Show More]

White and “clean” have the same meaning (Rev 7:14) and are the opposite of “soiled” (Rev 3:4). [Show More]

The souls are “resting,” a term used in Daniel and Revelation to describe death as a sleep.

The souls under the altar were told to rest for a little while longer. This implies that they have been resting and currently still are resting. It is the injustice they suffered that cries out to God, not living beings. “Rest” means that they are sleeping. [Show More]

From an earthly perspective, the time is not short.

The phrase “little while” occurs again in Revelation 20:3, saying that Satan, at the end of the millennium, will be loosed for a short time from his chains in the Abyss. Revelation always describes time as short (Rev 1:1, 3, and 12:12). The time on this earth is short compared to what must be achieved in that time. Therefore, this verse’s “little while” should not be taken literally.

The “souls” must wait, not until a specific number of saints are killed but until God’s people are proven.

The souls under the altar are told to continue resting until the number of their fellow servants to be killed has been completed (Rev 6:11). But the phrase “number of” does not appear in the Greek. It just says they must wait until their fellow servants have been completed. [Show More]

For the following reasons, it is proposed that “completed” should be understood qualitatively (in character), not quantitatively (a specific number):

1) If John meant that a certain “number” must be killed, he would probably have said so.

2) These same “fellow servants” are described as an innumerable multitude before God’s throne. But the innumerable multitude “no one could count” (Rev 7:9). So, the exact number seems unimportant. [Show More]

3) Would a God of love arbitrarily decree that a fixed number of His people must be killed before Christ may return?

4) There are many indications in Revelation that God’s end-time people will be made ‘complete’ in character (spiritually mature) before Christ returns. [Show More]

God’s end-time people will not be without sin, but they will be completely loyal to God as David apparently was despite his flaws (1 Kings 11:4-6). [Show More]

The cry of the souls, “How long,” is not a specific event but timeless.

The souls under the altar cry out for revenge (Rev 6:10). But they are given white robes and told to wait a little longer (Rev 6:11). Is this a specific event at a particular time or a general principle?

God’s people would not seek revenge, as they are symbolized to do in the fifth seal. Rather, like Jesus and Stephan, they would say:

“Father, forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing” (Luke 23:34)!

Therefore, as stated, the fifth seal is not literal people crying out for revenge. Instead, like Abel’s blood that cried out to God from the ground (Gen 4:10), it is the injustice done to God’s people that cries out to God to set things right. This is not limited to a specific point in time but happens all the time.

The entire fifth seal is not a specific event but timeless.

There is a progression in the seals. As stated:

The white horse of the first seal symbolizes the gospel going out.

The sword of the red horse of the second seal is the consequence of preaching the gospel, namely, the persecution of God’s people.

The black horse of the third seal is the consequence of the second, namely, a famine for the Word of God.

The pale horse of the fourth seal is spiritual death, which is the consequence of the third.

However, this is a logical progression, not a historical one, meaning that this sequence can occur at any time and place. One cannot allocate these to four specific periods in history. Similarly, the cry of the souls is not a particular event. In Revelation, people receive their robes while alive (e.g., Rev 3:4-5, 18; 7:7-14; 16:15; 19:7-8) and, therefore, not a specific event in history. The same applies to the command to wait a little while longer. Thus, the entire fifth seal is timeless. [Show More]


Other Articles

The Seven Seals

Other

  • I recommend Jon Paulien’s commentary on Revelation for further reading. For general theological discussions, I recommend Graham Maxwell, who you will find on the Pineknoll website.